Afo was once 40 metres tall and four metres round. Sadly, today, all that remains is a massive stump and some bare branches.
A few years ago, villagers hungry for firewood even attacked Afo with machetes. A brick wall now surrounds it.
If the Dutch had had their way, Afo would not have survived at all.
The Netherlands United East India Company, or Voc, was the world’s first multinational corporation
And just as corporations today seek to monopolise plant genes in the developing world, the Voc set about seizing total control of spice production.
In 1652, after displacing the Portuguese and Spanish, the Dutch introduced a policy known as extirpatie: extirpation.
All clove trees not controlled by the Voc were uprooted and burned.
Anyone caught growing, stealing or possessing clove plants without authorisation faced the death penalty.
On the Banda Islands, to the south – the world’s only source of nutmeg – the Dutch used Japanese mercenaries to slaughter almost the entire male population.
Like Opec today, the Voc also limited supply to keep prices high. Only 800-1,000 tonnes of cloves were exported per year. The rest of the harvest was burned or dumped in the sea.
Somehow, Afo managed to slip through the net. A rogue clove. A guerrilla plant waging a secret war of resistance.
Afo would eventually bring down the Dutch monopoly on cloves.
In 1770, a Frenchman, appropriately named Poivre, stole some of Afo’s seedlings.
This Monsieur Pepper took them to France, then the Seychelles Islands and, eventually, Zanzibar, which is today the world’s largest producer of cloves
You must watch this! The latest anonymous message for 2017.
All people need to see this! This is how the Elite and USA are controlling the world! Vladimir Putin knows it, Donald Trump knows it, now it is time for you, the people, to know it! This is how the NWO rules the world!
Are you ready for the truth? Well here it is!
What do CIA and the US Government use to control all these countries around the world?
Did you know that every Revolution since the end of the cold war has been a coup? We expose all these false flag operations and their true purpose.
As always, we want to hear what you think about this in the comments below!
Thanks for watching!
Courtesy of wakeup channel:
De eerste treinen met militair materieel denderen momenteel Polen binnen. De wagons staan vol pantserrups- en wielvoertuigen, bergingstanks en containers. Alles is bedoeld voor Bison Drawsko, de grootste landmachtoefening in jaren. De laatste trein arriveert naar verwachting medio volgende week.
Aan Bison Drawsko, genoemd naar de bizon in het brigade-embleem en oefenterrein Drawsko, nemen zo’n 3.600 Nederlandse militairen deel. Zij vormen samen met meer dan 900 militairen uit België, Canada, Duitsland, Estland, Polen en de Verenigde Staten een eenheid ter grootte van een brigade. Die staat onder bevel van brigadegeneraal Jan Swillens, commandant 43 Gemechaniseerde Brigade.
American soldiers “stand united on Polish soil to deter and defend,” said Maj. Gen. Timothy McGuire, deputy commander of US Land Forces in Europe. He added that the troops’ arrival was a “concrete sign of the continued US commitment to the defense of Poland and the NATO alliance.”
Under the plan the Polish army would grow from its current strength of 100,000 to 150,000 as the country continues to expand the capabilities of its armed forces. Poland has pledged to hit the unofficial Nato defence spending target of two per cent of GDP and has launched an intensive modernisation programme.
Speaking about the army, Michal Jach, head of the Polish parliament’s defence committee, said an increase in size was part of a “profound reform to achieve a level of operational capacity that would guarantee the integrity of the Polish borders”.
The move reflects growing Polish security concerns. Poland has viewed with alarm the conflict in neighbouring Ukraine and the actions of what it considers as a revanchist Russia.
It’s tempting to see Trump’s rise as something sui generis: something so bizarre, so linked to his own celebrity, that it could never be repeated. Yet it is being repeated: Throughout the Western world, far-right populists are rising in the polls.
In Hungary, the increasingly authoritarian prime minister, Viktor Orban, has started building a wall to keep out immigrants and holding migrants in detention camps where guards have been filmed flinging food at them as if they were zoo animals. In Italy, the anti-immigrant Northern League, led by a politician who has attacked the pope for calling for dialogue with Muslims, is polling at more than three times its 2013 level, making it the country’s third most popular party. And in Finland, the Finns Party — which wants to dramatically slash immigration numbers and keep out many non-Europeans — is part of the government. Its leader, Timo Soini, is the country’s foreign minister.
These politicians share Trump’s populist contempt for the traditional political elite. They share his authoritarian views on crime and justice. But most importantly, they share his xenophobia: They despise immigrants, vowing to close the borders to refugees and economic migrants alike, and are open in their belief that Muslims are inherently dangerous.
These parties’ values are too similar, and their victories coming too quickly, for their success to be coincidental. Their platforms, a right-wing radicalism somewhere between traditional conservatism and the naked racism of the Nazis and Ku Klux Klan, have attracted widespread support in countries with wildly different cultures and histories.
The conventional wisdom is that the economic losses suffered by working-class people throughout the developed world explain the rise of this new right. Hundreds of thousands of jobs are estimated to have been lost due to free trade pacts in recent decades, with industries like manufacturing absorbing much of the pain.
That’s created an ocean of angry and frustrated people — primarily blue-collar and primarily white — who are susceptible to the appeal of a nationalist leader promising to bring back what they feel has been taken away.
Donald Trump is a manifestation of this backlash, as are Brexit and the surge of support for far-right European parties. They show the extent of white Christian anger — the privileged who are furious that their privileges are being stripped away by those they view as outside interlopers.
It is that fury over immigrants that offers the best explanation we have for why the forces of intolerance are currently on the rise in the West. If we want to understand the world we live in today — and the one we’ll be inhabiting for years to come — we need to understand how immigration and intolerance are transforming the way white Christians vote. We need to understand that the battle between racist nationalism and liberal cosmopolitanism will be one of the defining ideological struggles of the 21st century. And we need to understand that Donald Trump is not an accident. He’s a harbinger.
(???)
Music video by Public Image Limited performing Rise. (C) 2013 Virgin Records Ltd
A Facebook user has taken claim to the bills providing an uploaded file as proof. He claims to be a part of a team that is circulating the bills as a warning to events that will be revealed on Sept 14th.
In response to the growing interest in the bills, Mr. Teeth has posted an update on his Facebook page in which he asserts that we should not “hate the messenger”.
Among the symbolism hidden within the bill are the signatures of George Soros and Rupert Murdoch. These two men are the reason for the fundamental changes that we have seen in America over the last few decades.
In the 4th century Cyprian and Jerome relate mammon to greed and greed as an evil master that enslaves, and John Chrysostom even personifies mammon as greed.[18]
During the Middle Ages, Mammon was commonly personified as the demon of wealth and greed. Thus Peter Lombard (II, dist. 6) says, “Riches are called by the name of a devil, namely Mammon, for Mammon is the name of a devil, by which name riches are called according to the Syrian tongue.” Piers Plowman also regards Mammon as a deity. Nicholas de Lyra, commenting on the passage in Luke, says: “Mammon est nomen daemonis” (Mammon is the name of a demon).
Albert Barnes in his Notes on the New Testament states that Mammon was a Syriac word for an idol worshipped as the god of riches, similar to Plutus among the Greeks, but he cited no authority for the statement.[19]
Instead of passing laws through the usually long parliamentary process, the Cabinet can create a draft decree, and with the President’s approval, it will go to Parliament for a simple yes or no vote, to be made within 30 days.
RT @NiemandsKnegt: Leden van de Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS) (speciale politie eenheid) zetten in Pau demonstratief hun helme… 11 months ago
Men detained in the wake of the failed coup in Turkey.
